In reading and appreciating this book, context is all. Thomas Jefferson is viewed today as brilliant, dynamic, flawed, hypocritical and endlessly interesting as a leader and a man. In his time, remove "flawed" and the appraisal remains the same.
We view Jefferson's dalliance with Sally Hemings as more than a peccadillo; it was a shameful abuse of power. His contemporaneous males would find our attitude extremely jejune. Why shouldn't he bed her; he owned her.
And thereby hangs the tale of this book. Scharff gives us a candid view of the traditions of the time. The Founding Fathers had it all their own way, while the women became pregnant, lost children and died young. The men were more or less serially monogamous, except for the occasional visit to the shanties, and their work, which kept them away from home for long periods of time doing only God knows what. Slaves were part of the warp and woof of the time, especially in Virginia, where tobacco was the cash crop. Only people watched over with a whip would have withstood the rigors of the hot summers spent in stoop labor to bring in that crop.
Regardless of what we think about slavery or Jefferson or black-white intimacy, that's the way it was. He was not alone in his seduction of a young black woman: his family and his wife's family are replete with black-white half-siblings and cousins. In fact, Jefferson's only wife, Martha, was related to Sally--closely. "His father-in-law, John Wayles, was father not only to Jefferson's wife, Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, but also to Sally Hemings and five of her sisters and brothers, making Martha and Sally half-sisters."
Scharff starts out with the first woman Jefferson loved: his mother. She makes a good case for it, but other historians have held a less generous view. She gave birth to nine children, buried one or two--records differ--was widowed at 37 and took in orphaned grandchildren, ordered the slaves on the estate and coped with her revolutionary son's ideas.
Next comes Martha Skelton, a young widow, courted and won by the dashing Jeffersokn. He truly loved her, although their 10 years of marriage were fraught with failed pregnancies--only two children survived to adulthood. They shared a love of music--he played the violin, she the piano--and played and sang together often. "His passion for the woman who would become his only wife was fervent, lifelong and consequential." On her deathbed, Martha asked him never to marry again, and he agreed.
Another well-loved woman was Maria Cosway, one of Jefferson's Paris connections--married, Catholic and available for long afternoons, but perhaps not for anything else. That's the titillating part of this kind of book; we can know very little about what we'd like to know.
Scharff then brings in Patsy and Polly, Jefferson's daughters. One is left to suppose that he "loved" them much as other men of his time loved their daughters--lots of great letters, lip service and no time on the ground. He abandoned them periodically, much against their will and then called them back at his convenience, always protesting that he missed them sorely.
And then there's Sally. Is there anything we don't already know about her? She had seven children with Jefferson, a few of whom survived to adulthood to ratify conclusions already drawn long before.
In sum, Jefferson was an enigmatic genius, in that he could neatly separate the different parts of his life and still maintain a public persona that withstood the onslaught of rumors that almost brought down his Presidency. The original Teflon politician?--Valerie Ryan
Shelf Talker: Another entry into the ever-fascinating life of Thomas Jefferson, this time through the strong, resilient women he knew and loved.