"We are not in the business of provoking violence," said Mahmoud Muna, writer, journalist, and co-owner of the Educational Bookshop in East Jerusalem, during a panel discussion about bookselling in times of war at the Frankfurt Book Fair last week.
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| From l.: Erin Cox, Oleksii Erinchak, Vanessa Martini, Mahmoud Muna. |
Muna appeared with Ukrainian bookseller Oleksii Erinchak, owner of Sens (Сенс), and Vanessa Martini, head buyer at Green Apple Books in San Francisco, Calif., while Erin Cox, publisher of Publishing Perspectives, served as moderator.
"We are in the business of provoking ideas," Muna continued, of getting people to "go out of their comfort zones" and "challenge their perspectives."
Earlier this year, the Educational Bookshop was raided by Israeli police, and Muna and his nephew Ahmad Muna were arrested. The experience of being taken into custody and being told his bookstore was the "cause of violence" was "very weird and very life-changing, to be honest."
It emphasized the "magnitude of forces" working against the bookstore while also underlining the responsibility the bookstore has to its community. At the same time, getting out of police custody to find that people had volunteered to look after the shop made Muna feel the bookstore's "importance for society," and the outpouring of support also made him and his family members feel loved and appreciated.
In times of conflict, Muna said, booksellers are "almost like public health doctors" in society. They can see the illnesses, and while they can't force pills down people's throats, they can sell and promote books and literature that "address the disease" of the moment. Bookstores can also serve as forums during times of polarization. "If you can't have a civilized, candid discussion about polarized issues in a bookstore, where else can you have it?" he asked.
Erinchak opened Sens, which has always focused on Ukrainian-language books, just a few short months before Russia's invasion of Ukraine. (More about Erinchak's story can be found here.) Prior to the invasion, his goal was to highlight Ukrainian culture and identity while promoting literature. After the invasion his cultural mission expanded to combating the "huge lies" spread by Russia, such as the idea that Ukraine "is not a real country," that Ukrainian literature doesn't exist, and even that the Ukrainian language was essentially a modern invention.
He chose to "take all our authors who have been executed by Russia, by the Soviet Union, and promote them," and "show people we have a culture, we have literature."
In the immediate aftermath of the invasion, there was a huge surge in Ukrainian publishing and people enthusiastically embraced Ukrainian culture and art. Now, after almost four years of fighting, interest in art and culture has waned a bit and the surge in Ukrainian publishing seems to have plateaued. He noted that it's "very difficult to be focused on culture and literature" when your immediate focus is your life, your future, and basic survival. Erinchak hoped, however, that he and other cultural players in Ukraine could spark another resurgence.
Asked about the wave of book banning and the connected rise in content attacks on bookstores in the United States, Martini said that being in San Francisco, Green Apple has been fairly lucky, but for many other stores around the country it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain partnerships with schools and other institutions that serve children. A "real chilling effect" is evident, and attacks on "institutions of knowledge and inquiry" of all kinds are on the rise. As private businesses, bookstores are refuges.
When it comes to books about polarizing subjects or from authors with controversial beliefs, Green Apple has developed a "whole conversational flow chart" for discussing those books with both staff and customers. While the criteria is "never one size fits all," a major guiding question is whether the author directly advocates harm to others. Martini noted that as a manager, she encourages staff to ask her about why she's carrying specific books or doing things a certain way. With both employees and staff, "trust is being built constantly."
"It's not enough to just say we are this type of bookstore, we are this type of place," Martini said. "You have to demonstrate continually by the actions you continually do and ways you continually talk to each other."
Asked during the panel's q&a portion if bookselling is political, the panelists answered with a simple "yes." Encouraged to elaborate, Erinchak explained that helping people better understand the world will have an effect on the choices they make, and choices mean politics. "If there's no choice, it's not a democracy."
Martini remarked that if bookselling were not political, then "no bookstore would ever face repercussions for carrying certain books." Likewise, if books were unimportant, if they were not political, then no one would try to ban them.
Muna pointed out that in some societies, particularly Western European democracies that have not seen wars or domination for years, the word political has become "more narrow in its meaning," and many things can be apolitical. But for "people who live in oppression, everything is political." --Alex Mutter