Frankfurt 2023: Sustainability for Small- and Medium-Sized Publishers
At the Frankfurt Book Fair last week, a panel discussion on ways small and medium-sized publishers can approach sustainability began with Sherri Aldis, director of the United Nations Regional Information Centre for Central Europe, giving a sobering update on the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN in 2015--17 interconnected goals that all 193 UN member states have committed to reaching by 2030.
Joining Aldis in the discussion was Rachel Martin, global director of sustainability at Elsevier, with Porter Anderson, editor-in-chief of Publishing Perspectives, serving as moderator.
The goals, Aldis said, are "not on track at all," with only 15% of targets reached and many of the goals actually in decline. While the Covid-19 pandemic and the outbreak of armed conflicts around the world have played a significant role in slowing progress, "the crux of it, sadly, is money."
The problem is intricately tied to global inequality, with 40% of developing countries spending more on financing debt than on education, Aldis explained. The international financing system, which includes institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, "needs to be reformed" in order to "allow developing countries in particular to be able to finance sustainable transitions."
Acknowledging the current state of the SDG as grim, Aldis remarked that in "sports language," the world is "only at halftime," and any game is "won or lost in the second half." The goals are clear, and the road map is there: "We know what we have to do."
Martin noted that although "a lot of this is really high-level," there are immediate steps publishers of any size can make toward sustainability. The most obvious starting point is assessing one's own footprint, things that are "all within your direct control," like "looking at your lights, looking at your cards," and examining employee travel.
However, most publishers' carbon emissions are "going to happen in what's called your supply chain," Martin continued, areas where they typically have little to no influence. Given that small and medium publishers lack the buying power to "ring up a supplier" and request they go carbon neutral, it's important to start thinking about things "a bit more widely."
"If you're thinking about a new book, you're thinking about the type of paper, whether it's hardback, whether you put plastic on it, where you're going to send it, how you're going to deliver it," said Martin, and all of these choices have their own carbon impacts.
To help publishers navigate these decisions, the International Publishers Association is creating a tool for calculating the carbon cost of their books that is entering a pilot testing phase. It relies on information that publishers readily have on hand, including the book's weight, number of pages, and the location of the printer. By plugging in that information, publishers can get a sense of "where that carbon might be," and they might find out, for example, that it is concentrated in one particular part of the supply chain.
Touching on the calculator's methodology, which is available to read on the IPG Sustainable Development Goals climate dashboard, Martin said it incorporates five main areas: content creation, paper production, printing, distribution, and retail. (The calculator is a part of the IPA's Publishing 2030 Accelerator, which Martin and her Elsevier colleague Jeremy Brackpool discussed at the International Supply Chain Seminar, sponsored by EDItEUR and held on the eve of the fair. The accelerator has three areas of focus: calculating the carbon footprint of an individual book; distributed printing; and reimagining the accounting of revenues.)
While industry-wide standards are still probably a long ways away, publishers will soon get to a point where they can self-report. Remarked Martin: "No one gets to net-zero by themselves."
During the panel's q&a portion, Martin returned to the observation that money is the crux of the issue. Currently, everything publishers are doing for sustainability--saving energy, traveling less--is "good for the bottom line." Yet there is "no line in that P&L that accounts for sustainability" and, ultimately, Martin said, "we'd want a P&L line that says the sustainability cost or the carbon cost of this is 'x.' " The people who are "not in the room" for these discussions are finance directors and CFOs, and that will be "where the rubber hits the road." --Alex Mutter