There's a popular expression among Jews that sums up the diversity of Jewish belief and practice: "Two Jews, three opinions." Without doubt, Noah Feldman's well-informed, incisive To Be a Jew Today: A New Guide to God, Israel, and the Jewish People will elicit a variety of clashing responses as it surveys some of the most critical issues in the Jewish world, not least because it arrives at a time of crisis brought on by the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza.
Feldman, a law professor at Harvard and noted public intellectual, brings to the project a substantial grounding in Jewish sources and a life experience that began with 13 years at a Modern Orthodox parochial school in his hometown of Cambridge, Mass. While maintaining a critical distance from his subject, he undeniably approaches it with deep respect and even love, with the goal of showing "the beauty and nobility of all the currently available modes of Jewish life, even as I point out their limitations and contradictions."
In his book's three well-documented sections, Feldman addresses a trio of expansive and daunting topics: Jewish perspectives on God, Israel, and the notion of peoplehood. Rather than considering these contentious subjects from the perspective of the prevailing movements in organized Jewry--Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist--he prefers to recategorize Jews into broad segments he calls Traditionalists, Progressives, Evolutionists, and Godless Jews.
These approaches differ largely in their view of the immutability of the laws laid down in the Torah. In Feldman's taxonomy, Traditionalists are convinced of the Torah's unerring dictates that, for them, are as relevant today as they were when first transmitted by God; Progressives are inspired by the Torah's moral teachings to work for social justice; Evolutionists acknowledge the ultimate authority of Jewish law while seeking to adapt it to modern conditions; while the Godless (or what Feldman calls "bagels-and-lox Jews"), consider themselves Jewish even in the absence of belief or practice.
To Be a Jew Today is a deeply serious work that's aimed primarily at a knowledgeable, or at least curious, Jewish audience, but is one that's accessible for any reader who wants to know more about the challenges, contradictions, and richness of Jewish life. It poses profound, respectful questions that don't admit of easy answers, particularly when it comes to the future of the nation of Israel once the current conflict has ended. There's much here that's likely to please or unsettle anyone who engages seriously with what it means to be Jewish in the contemporary world. --Harvey Freedenberg, freelance reviewer
Shelf Talker: Harvard scholar Noah Feldman leads readers on a stimulating intellectual journey through the world of contemporary Jewish belief and practice.