ABFE's Philomena Polefrone Discusses Attacks on Bookstores
"When I started doing this work, I don't think I realized how consistently we'd be dealing with issues like this," said Philomena Polefrone, associate director of American Booksellers for Free Expression.
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Polefrone joined ABFE in 2024, and since that time, the organization has assisted nearly 50 independent bookstores that have reached out for support after experiencing some form of harassment or threats. Sometimes ABFE will hear of five incidents in a week, Polefrone noted, while sometimes a month can go by without hearing of anything, though she emphasized the point that those lulls don't mean harassment isn't happening, as ABFE can only track what is reported.
To that end, Polefrone urged booksellers to contact ABFE when they experience harassment (the organization can be reached at abfe@bookweb.org). Not only can the organization provide practical assistance in the short term, but all the information ABFE receives will allow it to better help independent booksellers in the future.
When a store contacts ABFE for assistance, Polefrone said, the first thing she tries to do is get a timeline of what is going on, as her advice will be informed by whether a situation is still escalating or seems to have peaked. She'll also ask what, if any, steps the store has taken on its own.
While harassment can come in many different forms and can occur online, over the phone, or in person, things tend to follow similar patterns even if they are not being done by the same actors. If something is online, Polefrone's advice could entail walking through best practices to keep a controversy from going viral; if something has occurred in-person, Polefrone might help a bookseller figure out whether they should contact law enforcement. She has also helped stores decide whether they should issue a statement about an ongoing controversy, and at other times she's helped stores craft a statement or has looked over a statement they have already written.
Touching on some of the things she's seen recently, Polefrone brought up a "pretty coordinated series of calls" that she believes to be the work of one person or possibly a small group. They've been making two types of calls: a request to purchase large quantities of Mein Kampf; or asking if the store carries LGBTQ books because the caller needs something to burn. As far as those calls are concerned, Polefrone has been advising booksellers to not engage, and if they receive one, "just hang up."
Longer term, Polefrone and ABFE try to help stores build processes to handle these situations if and when they happen again. She pointed out that often harassment can become serial, with the first instance "opening the door." If that's the case, Polefrone continued, the best thing stores can do is put protocols in place and train staff on those protocols. And, broadly speaking, that sort of preparation is the most proactive thing bookstores can do.
Some stores, particularly BIPOC or LGBTQ+ bookstores, are unfortunately no stranger to this kind of harassment, Polefrone continued, and already have systems in place for dealing with it--as she put it, they've "become resilient out of necessity." Many stores are experiencing sustained harassment for the first time, and, she said, it is "very intimidating and terrifying, especially if someone says, 'great, I'm on my way over.' " ABFE is doing what it can to help booksellers think about this "before experiencing it for the first time."
When it comes to preparation, Polefrone pointed to a number of resources available on BookWeb, particularly ABFE's Right to Read Toolkit. More resources, such as tips for supporting trans and nonbinary staff or what to do if someone demands to see customers' purchase records, are produced periodically and are announced in Bookselling This Week or on ABFE's social media. At Winter Institute, Polefrone hosted a session on content attacks on bookstores, and she'll be bringing that talk to the regional shows in the fall.
Acknowledging that although this work is to some extent reactive, Polefrone said, ABFE and the ABA is doing as much as they can to be proactive, which includes providing booksellers with resources and training and as well as gathering information, finding patterns, and communicating with other organizations that face the same sort of challenges. That way, ABFE can help "build resiliency across the whole group." --Alex Mutter









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