Shahrnush Parsipur, "the celebrated Iranian writer whose subversive works of feminist fiction saw her repeatedly imprisoned" under the Shah as well as the Islamic Republic, died July 3, the Guardian reported. She was 80. Parsipur "excoriated the country's patriarchal culture" in novels like Women Without Men and Touba and the Meaning of Night. In 2026, a translation of Women Without Men from Persian to English by Faridoun Farrokh was published in the U.K. and was longlisted for the International Booker Prize.
"Shahrnush's legacy in literary history can't really be compared to anyone else's," said her U.K. publisher Denise Rose Hansen. "Her singular vision and incredible courage have been, and will continue to be, a guiding star for so many people. Being in touch with her just a few days ago, she was as she always was: generous, warm, forthright, quick, brilliant. She will be profoundly missed."
Born in Tehran, Parsipur studied sociology at the University of Tehran. Her first novel, The Dog and the Long Winter (1974), is about a young Iranian woman introduced to activism via her brother and his friends. Parsipur "was first imprisoned after resigning from her job as a producer on an Iranian state TV program over the execution of two poets by Savak, the Iranian secret police," the Guardian noted.
She was later imprisoned during the 1980s for four years and seven months without being formally charged, and wrote about her experience in Prison Memoir, which will be published in English for the first time in 2027. Her historical novel Touba and the Meaning of Night set the life story of one woman against an ever-changing 20th-century Iran. The novel will be published in English translation in 2028. Her other books include The Blue Reason, Shiva, Trial Offer, and Tea Ceremony in the Presence of the Wolf.
Women Without Men (1989) is set in Tehran during the 1953 coup d'état, and links the stories of five women who seek freedom from patriarchal oppression in a garden. A film adaptation directed by Shirin Neshat was released in 2009. The Guardian noted that the novel "became an underground success in Iran; soon, the wife of an Islamic Republic official came across it, and Parsipur was imprisoned again, this time over her depiction of women's sexuality. From 1994 onwards, Parsipur lived in political exile in the U.S."
"The women of Iran have changed so much, so many without hijab," she said in an interview with the Guardian earlier this year. "They don't care what the Islamic Republic thinks." Iran's women "will cause the fall of the Islamic Republic."