Mildred Pitts Walter, "a Los Angeles schoolteacher who grew up in the Jim Crow South and wrote award-winning children's books focusing on Black characters, filling a void in her students' reading material," died on May 19, the New York Times reported. She was 103.
As a kindergarten teacher in the 1950s and '60s in South Central Los Angeles, Walter searched for books that had Black characters with whom her students could identify. One of the rare finds was the Caldecott Medal-winning 1962 picture book The Snowy Day by Ezra Jack Keats. Knowing the federal government under President Lyndon B. Johnson had in 1968 allocated funds to encourage publishers to create more books for students like hers, Walter eventually challenged an executive at a local publishing company, Ward Ritchie Press, to fill that need, the Times noted.
" 'Well, write them,' he responded," she recalled in her autobiography, Something Inside So Strong: Life in Pursuit of Choice, Courage and Change (2019). "I felt he was passing the buck and told him so. But he insisted. I reluctantly agreed."
Over the next three decades, she wrote more than 20 books that "changed the course of children's literature," said Lin Oliver, a founder of the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators, which Walter also helped to found, wrote in a tribute.
In her first book, Lillie of Watts: A Birthday Discovery, illustrated by Leonora E. Prince (1969), Walter told the story of a shy girl in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles--four years after the riots there--who spends her 11th birthday searching for a lost cat. The Times noted that in the sequel, Lillie of Watts Takes a Giant Step, illustrated by Bonnie Helene Johnson (1971), "Lillie discovers a hero in Malcolm X, along with a new feeling of self-worth." Walter's other works include Ty's One-Man Band, illustrated by Margot Tomes (1980), and The Girl on the Outsides (1982).
Her book Justin and the Best Biscuits in the World, illustrated by Catherine Stock (1986), won the American Library Association's Coretta Scott King Award. Walter was also finalist for the prize for Because We Are (1983), Trouble's Child (1985), and Mississippi Challenge (1992).
Pat Cummings, who illustrated four books with Walter, including My Mama Needs Me (1983), said, "She adamantly believed society was still plagued by pervasive racism, but her stories were never heavy-handed or tried to preach to kids."
Pitts was born at a logging camp in Sweetville, La. She graduated from high school in 1940, then enrolled at Southern University in Baton Rouge, where she earned a bachelor's degree in English. Walter moved to Los Angeles, working as a saleswoman at a laundry business and then a clerk for the L.A. Unified School District, after being rejected as a teacher. In 1947, she married Earl Walter, a social worker who would become the chairman of the Los Angeles chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality, or CORE. She was also active in CORE. He died in 1965.
After earning her teaching certificate from California State University, Los Angeles, Walter began teaching kindergarten in 1952, retiring in 1970, and relocating to Denver, where she worked as an educational consultant. She also helped start the Northeast Women's Center, to train and place women in jobs, and Colorado Black Women for Political Action, a nonprofit organization. In 1976, she earned her master's degree from an affiliate of Antioch College, and was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.
Despite rejections through those years, she continued to write. "She wasn't one of those people who were writing all the time since she was a teenager," Barbara Lalicki, who edited many of her books, said. "But she saw a need to fill and turned out to be good at it."